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Augmentative Communication_AAC

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Augmentative Communication (AAC)

Communication devices and alternative forms of communicating can help children learn and develop when they have a condition that affects their ability to communicate. This page will describe some different systems and devices; the assessment process; and basic tips for using and caring for differnet devices. Costs may change, but some general costs for different devices will be explained as well as processes for finding out if your health insurance or school can help pay for the devices.

Background

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) describes ways to support, add to, or augment the communication of people who are not verbal communicators. AAC includes low-tech systems, such as:
  • Sign language
  • Picture boards
  • Letter boards
  • Communication notebooks
  • Eye gaze
And high-tech systems, such as:
  • Voice output communication devices
  • Tablets
  • Cell phones
  • Smart watches
Since the birth of the iPad and the Android tablet, access to communication is much more available to children and adults with disabilities. Applications in both Mac and Android platforms are available for communication, learning, socialization and fun. Many people may use both a low-tech approach and a high-tech tool to communicate across different settings. Communication occurs when the needs or intent of one person is understood by another. The form of communication is less vital than the success of communication.
Children with various conditions may benefit from the use of augmentative communication:
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Brain injury
  • Autism
  • Neuromuscular disease
  • Non-verbal speech impairment
  • Medical conditions (tracheostomy, vocal cord impairment)
Early intervention with AAC helps with language development for children who are at risk for severe speech impairment. Intervention starts by showing picture symbols and sign language to infants. As children grow, they may shift to high-tech devices. Many studies have shown that use of augmentative communication does not interfere with natural speech, and can in fact aid in language growth if the child has the ability of speech.

Assessment and Evaluation

child using a tablet device
While many children will use augmentative communication, no one device or approach is right for everyone. An evaluation by a speech pathologist working with a team of other experts is important when choosing a device.
The evaluation includes consideration of the child’s:
  • Communication needs
  • Motor skills
  • Hearing
  • Vision
  • Cognitive abilities
  • Functional setting
The evaluation team decides the input method, vocabulary model, and output method which meet the child’s needs. The needs of the child are then matched to the available technology. Supports should be available to maintain and update the system or device. Some school districts may have an AAC team. Ask your special education teacher for more information on an evaluation by the AAC team. Most states have Centers for Assistive Technology and Augmentative Communication; to find a center in your state, go to the National Assistive Technology Act Technical Assistance and Training (AT3) Center.

Utah Assistive Technology Teams (UATT), sponsored by the Utah State Board of Education support school LEAs and IEP teams to evaluate, acquire, and manage assistive technology for students with disabilities. UATT consist of multi-disciplinary educational and rehabilitation teams to evaluate students with disabilities in the use of assistive technology in education and in the major life functions. A wide variety of augmentative communication devices are available for students to trial through an evaluation process with the UATT. Each district will then consider supporting the student based on their local policies and procedures to provide a free appropriate public education in accordance with the students IEP goals.

Use and Care of AAC Devices and Equipment

Many AAC devices are technology-based, while others are books or some other low-tech type. ACC equipment should:
  • Make it easier to communicate
  • Be comfortable to use
  • Not cause any other health concerns
New equipment may take some time to learn to use. With new patterns of use and the weight of equipment, the primary care doctor may need to check for pressure sores, added or decreased use of limbs and muscles, and accidental injuries. Input devices may need to be moved for placement or sensitivity to help functioning. For children who use a wheelchair, a mounting gadget will need to be kept in mind when buying the device.
tablet screen showing square buttons with images and text representing potential requests
Courtesy of AssistiveWare and Apple
Devices screen showing square buttons with images and text representing different requests
Courtesy of Tobii Technology

Costs and Funding

Costs for AAC technology vary widely, from signing and picture notebook systems which are very low cost, to high-tech eye gaze computers which cost much more. Simple communication devices, and tablets or cell phones with applications can be purchased for under $1000. A dedicated device is one that is only used for the child's communication needs and generally are from high tech AAC companies like Tobii Dynavox. Current costs are available on manufacturer websites.
At the time of this writing, insurance companies generally will pay only for a dedicated communication system, but some families are have found success by appealing and presenting the insurance company with a package that is much lower cost - a tablet (iPad, Android or similar) and a communication application (app) that total less than $1000 (sometimes considered "non-dedicated") compared to up to $15,000 for a dedicated communication system.
The funding process requires a prescription, a letter of medical necessity (see Working with Insurance Companies), and evaluation documenting the need for the chosen device. Most medical insurance providers will consider replacing a communication device every five years. Other funding sources include government agencies such as Independent Living and Vocational Rehabilitation, and foundations that provide grants for iPads and tablets for children with speech impairments. School districts may not fund devices for a child’s personal use, though technology may be provided for the child’s use at school. Some states have Financial Loan Programs for Augmentative Communication to help with the cost.

Resources

Information & Support

In addition to informational links, below we provide a few links to commercial sites offering AAC products that may help you understand the range of technology available.

For Parents and Patients

AAC-RERC
The Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Communication Enhancement provides information on the newest developments in augmentative and alternative communication.

Utah Assistive Technology Program (UATP)
Nonprofit organization at Utah State University located at the Center for Persons with Disabilities (CPD) that helps children with disabilities and their parents access and learn about AT.

Utah Center for Assistive Technology (UCAT)
Provides resources for families to learn about and access AT, including information and technical services; augmentative communication, bicycle, steering wheel, and wheelchair assistance, including assessment and cost estimate. Utah Augmentative Alternative Communication and Technology Teams evaluate children for assistive technology needs for school.

Utah Assistive Technology Teams (UATT)
Provides assistance for improving the lives of children and adults living with disabilities and has an excellent program that works with the school district to evaluate and work with your child for communication and assistance with access to curriculum. Offers free consultations, workshops, information, augmentative communication loaning program

AbleNet
A commercial site offering products and curricula, as well as information and assistance in choosing and funding AT devices.

Adaptivation
A commercial assistive technology device company that also gives age appropriate ideas for using assistive technology.

Tobii Dynavox
Commercial site offering augmentative and alternative communication devices and solutions.

Origin Instruments
Commercial site offering augmentative and alternative communication devices including accessories for popular technogy such as iPads and Kindles.

Prentke Romich Company
A commercial site offering augmentative and alternative communication devices; teaching materials, switches, and more.

AssistiveWare
Commercial site offering assistive communication software for popular devices such as iPods, iPhones, and iPads, including Proloquo2Go.

RJ Cooper & Associates
Commercial site: iPad & computer accessories and gadgets for people with disabilities, including switches. Includes reviews, tips, and personal experience with equipment.

Saltillo
A commercial site dedicated to making personal communication possible to individuals who are unable to use their natural voice.

Tools

Bridging Apps – Easter Seals of Greater Houston
Bridging the gap between technology and people and disabilities. Focuses on apps that have been designed to address a particular need or have been creatively adapted by users to meet specific needs. Autism Speaks

Coughdrop
Communication is for everyone. CoughDrop is an AAC app that empowers people to make their voices heard. It works to help bring out the voices of those with complex communication needs through powerful open-source technology that easily adapts to the individual and supports everyone around them trying to help them succeed.

Call Scotland
This section of this website is kept updated with current detailed info on Communication, Access, Literacy and Learning apps for Android OS, iPads, Chromebooks, and more. It should not be used as a “shopping list,” but as a tool for evaluation and assessment.

Services for Patients & Families in Utah (UT)

For services not listed above, browse our Services categories or search our database.

* number of provider listings may vary by how states categorize services, whether providers are listed by organization or individual, how services are organized in the state, and other factors; Nationwide (NW) providers are generally limited to web-based services, provider locator services, and organizations that serve children from across the nation.

Authors & Reviewers

Initial publication: September 2013; last update/revision: February 2019
Current Authors and Reviewers:
Authors: Tina Persels
Laura Barnett, MCSD/CCC